ABSTRACT
Appendix A: Glossary of Musical Terms a tempo (It.): return to the previous tempo abschwellen (Gr.): getting softer accelerando (accel.) (It.): gradually getting faster adagietto (It.): slightly faster than adagio; with ease adagio (It.): slowly, with ease affretando (It.): hurrying agitato (It.): agitated alla (It.): in, in the style of... allargando (It.): growing slower allegretto (It.): moderately fast allegro (It.): fast allegro non troppo (It.): fast, but not too fast andante (It.): moderately slow, walking tempo andantino (It.): moderately slow animato (It.): lively, with spirit animé (Fr.): animated, lively ardent (Fr.): fiery assai (It.): very assez (Fr.): rather, enough aufhalter (Gr.): slowing down (ritard) ausdruck (Gr.): with heartfelt expression avec (Fr.): with behaglich (Gr.): easily belebt (Gr.): animated, brisk bene (It.): well (ben marcato-well marked) bewegt (Gr.): moved, agitated bewegter (Gr.): getting faster breit (Gr.): broad, stately calando (It.): “decreasing,” gradually becoming softer calcando (It.): “pressing,” hastening the tempo cantabile (It.): in a singing style cédez (Fr.): go slower chaleur (Fr.): warmth comodo (It.): easy, leisurely, at a convenient pace con (It.): with con brio (It.): “with noise,” spiritedly con caloroso (It.): with warmth con forza (It.): with force, energy con fuoco (It.): with fire con moto (It.): with motion crescendo (cresc.) (It.): gradually growing louder
deficiendo (It.): dying away diminuendo (dim.) (It.): gradually growing softer dolce (It.): sweetly and softly dolente (It.): doleful, plaintive, sad, sorrowful douce(ment), doux (Fr.): sweetly einfach (Gr.): with simplicity en dehors (Fr.): to bring out (a melody or voice) espressivo (espr.) (It.): with expression etwas (Gr.): rather, somewhat facile (Fr.): easily feuerig, mit feuer (Gr.): fiery gedehnt (Gr.): sustained, prolonged, slow, stately gefällig (Gr.): pleasing, graceful gemächlich (Gr.): easy, comfortably gemessen (Gr.): held back, sustained geschwindt (Gr.): swiftly, rapidly getragen (Gr.): sustained giocoso (It.): playfully, merrily grave (It.): heavy, slow, ponderous in movement grazioso (It.): gracefully, elegantly immer (Gr.): always l’istesso tempo (It.): the same tempo; return to tempo langsam (Gr.): slowly largamente (It.): “largely,” broadly, characterized by a sustained sound larghetto (It.): slowly, but somewhat faster than largo largo (It.): slowly, broad lebhaft (Gr.): animated, lively legato (It.): smoothly and connected léger (Fr.): light leggiero, leggero (It.): light, airy leicht (Gr.): light, brisk lente (Fr.): slowly lento (It.): slowly lourd (Fr.): heavy luftig (Gr.): lightly maestoso (It.): majestically, dignified marcato (It.): “marked,” with distinctness and emphasis mässig (Gr.): moderately meno (It.): less; not so . . . meno mosso (It.): less motion misterioso (It.): mysteriously mit (Gr.): with mit Wärme (Gr.): with warmth moderato (It.): moderately modéré (Fr.): moderately molto (It.): very, much morendo (It.): dying away nicht (Gr.): not nicht zu schnell (Gr.): not too fast non (It., Fr.): not ohne (Gr.): without pensieroso (It.): pensive, thoughtfully pesante (It.): heavy peu, peu à peu (Fr.): little; little by little
più mosso (It.): more motion, becoming faster plus (Fr.): more poco, poco a poco (It.): little; little by little presses (Fr.): accelerate, growing gradually faster prestissimo (It.): very fast presto (It.): very fast quasi (It.): as if; nearly quelque peu (Fr.): somewhat rallentando (rall.) (It.): growing slower and slower rasch (Gr.): fast, rapid, swift retenu (Fr.): holding back ritard, ritardando (rit.) (It.): growing slower and slower ritenuto (It.): held back; at a slower rate of speed rubato (It.): “robbed,” lengthening certain notes while shortening others ruhig (Gr.): calmly sans (Fr.): without scherzando (It.): lightheartedly, jestingly; as a tempo, fast schnell (Gr.): fast, quick, rapid schneller (Gr.): getting faster sehr (Gr.): very semplice (It.): with simplicity sempre (It.): always senza (It.): without slentando (It.): growing slower smorzando (It.): dying away sostenuto (It.): sustained, often implying a broadening of the tempo sotenu (Fr.): held, sustained stretto (It.): pressed, hurried stringendo (It.): hastening, accelerating, often with a crescendo subito (It.): suddenly süss (Gr.): sweetly tempo primo (It.): play at the original tempo toujours (Fr.): always tranquillo (It.): tranquilly traurig (Gr.): sadly très (Fr.): very verschwindend (Gr.): vanishing, dying away viel (Gr.): much, great vif (Fr.): lively vite (Fr.): fast vivace (It.): lively, animated, brisk vivo (It.): lively, spirited wenig (Gr.): little wuchtig (Gr.): weighty, ponderously, with emphasis zart(lich) (Gr.): tenderly ziemlich (Gr.): somewhat, rather züruckhaltend (Gr.): holding back, gradually becoming slower
