ABSTRACT
Surveying plays a key role in development of technical projects, such as hydroelectric schemes, irrigation projects, the construction of roads, aqueducts, dams, tunnels, transmission lines, in the development of cities, flood control of rivers and the development of harbours. Assuming that a control survey is available, the first requirement is a general map-based on these control surveys - covering the total area of the project and serving the overall investigation of the possibilities and the preliminary studies on the location of the structures. The main survey marks used for setting out of details according to the plans are connected to the overall control survey system. The detail surveys in engineering projects are very similar to those applied for other purposes. The laser producing a narrow visible beam of coherent light, finds many applications in engineering surveying.
