ABSTRACT
Nonferrous oxides reduced by carbon on an industrial scale are those of lead, zinc, and tin and to a minor extent are those of copper, antimony, arsenic, nickel, and magnesium. Nonferrous oxides reduced by hydrogen are those of mobybdenum and tungsten while those reduced by metals are the oxides of magnesium, boron, and vanadium. Oxides Reduced by Carbon includes: Lead oxide, zinc oxide, tin dioxide. Lead sulfide the major lead ore is usually oxidized to oxide which is then reduced by coal to metallic lead in a blast furnace. Zinc oxide is obtained by the oxidation of ZnS concentrate. Low grade zinc oxide and carbonate ores occur in nature but they contribute less than 5% of zinc production. A minor amount of NiO powder is reduced by hydrogen. In one plant, reduction is conducted in a rotary kiln.
