ABSTRACT
The major steelmaking processes at present utilize oxygen instead of air; it can be top-blown or bottom-blown. Bottom Oxygen blowing process is now becoming the major steelmaking process and is known as Quiet Basic Oxygen Process. It is similar to the Thomas Process but uses oxygen instead of air in special nozzles. Steel of the most exacting composition including stainless steels and many alloys steels are generally produced in electric furnaces where melting and refining can be most closely controlled. Electric furnaces may use a charge consisting entirely of scrap iron and steel, or sometimes molten steel for further refining, and sometimes iron produced by direct reduction processes and scrap. In the Bisra Process developed by the British Iron & Steel Research Association in England, high velocity jets of oxygen are used to atomize the molten metal stream and to oxidize the unwanted impurities in it.
