ABSTRACT
Prominent Lines Used in Plasma Emission with Detection Limits and Elements Which May Cause Spectral Interference
Element
Wavelength (nm)
S/B a
〈x〉
DL 3(x) b
Possible interferences
Ag-1
328.068
I
38.0
10.0
0.007
Fe, Mn, V
Ag-2
338.289
I
23.0
10.0
0.013
Cr, Ti
Ag
243.779
II
2.5
10.0
0.120
Fe, Mn, Ni
Ag-3
241.318
II
1.5
10.0
0.200
Al-1
309.271
I
13.0
10.0
0.023
Mg, V
Al
309.284
1
13.0
10.0
0.023
Mg, V
Al-2
396.152
I
10.5
10.0
0.028
Ca, Ti, V
Al
237.335
I
10.0
10.0
0.030
Cr, Fe, Mn
Al-3
308.215
I
6.6
10.0
0.045
Mn, V
Al-4
394.401
I
6.3
10.0
0.047
Al
236.705
I
5.8
10.0
0.051
Al-5
257.510
I
4.0
10.0
0.075
Al-6
265.24
I
As
193.759
I
56.0
100
0.053
Al, Fe, V
As-I
197.262
I
39.0
100
0.076
Al, V
As-2
228.812
I
36.0
100
0.083
Fe, N
As
200.334
I
25.0
100
0.120
Al, Cr, Fe, Mn
As-3
234.984
I
21.0
100
0.142
Au-1
242.795
I
170.0
100
0.017
Fe, Mn
Au-2
267.595
I
96.0
100
0.031
Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, V
Au
197.819
I
77.0
100
0.038
Al
Au-3
201.200
I
54.0
100
0.055
Au
211.068
II
47.0
100
0.063
Au-4
274.826
B-l
249.773
I
63.0
10
0.0048
Fe
B-2
249.678
I
53.0
10
0.0057
Fe
B-3
208.959
I
30.0
10.0
0.010
Al, Fe
B
208.893
I
25.0
10
0.012
Al, Fe, Ni
Ba-1
455.403
II
230.0
10
0.0013
Cr, Ni, Ti
Ba-2
493.409
II
130.0
10
0.0023
Fe
Ba-3
233.527
II
75.0
10
0.004
Fe, Ni, V
Ba
230.424
II
73.0
10
0.0041
Cr, Fe, Ni
Ba-4
553.555
II
Ba
413.066
II
9.1
10
0.032
Be-1
313.042
II
110
1.0
0.00027
V, Ti
Be-2
234.861
I
96
1.0
0.00031
Fe, Ti
Be-3
313.107
II
41
1.0
0.00073
Ti
Be-4
249.473
I
8
1.0
0.0038
Fe, Cr, Mg, Mn
Be-5
332.134
I
1.4
1.0
0.021
Bi-1
223.061
I
87.0
100
0.034
Cu, Ti
Bi-2
306.772
I
40.0
100
0.075
Fe, V
Bi
222.825
I
36.0
100
0.083
Cr, Cu, Fe
Bi-3
206.170
I
35.0
100
0.085
Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ti
Bi
195.45
I
14.0
100
0.214
Bi-4
298.903
Bi-5
299.334
C-l
193.091
I
67.0
100
0.044
Al, Mn, Ti
C-2
247.856
I
17.0
100
0.176
Fe, Cr, Ti, V
C-3
199.362
I
3.4
1000
8.823
Ca-1
393.366
II
89.0
0.5
0.00019
V
Ca-2
396.847
II
30.0
0.5
0.00050
Fe, V, H
463Ca-3
315.887
II
5.0
5.0
0.030
Cr, Fe
Ca-4
422.673
I
1.5
0.5
0.010
Fe
Cd-1
214.438
II
120.0
10.0
0.0025
Al, Fe
Cd-2
228.802
1
110.0
10.0
0.0027
Al, Fe, Ni
Cd-3
226.502
II
89.0
10.0
0.0034
Fe, Ni
Cd
361.051
1
1.3
10.0
0.230
Fc, Mn, Ni, Ti
Cd-4
326.106
I
0.9
10.0
0.333
Ce-1
413.765
II
6.2
10.0
0.048
Ca, Fe, Ti
Ce
413.380
11
6.0
10.0
0.050
Ca, Fe, V
Ce-2
418.660
II
5.7
10.0
0.052
Fe, Ti
Ce
393.109
II
5.0
10.0
0.060
Cu (2nd order), Mn, V
Ce-3
404.076
II
4.0
10.0
0.075
Ce-4
401.239
II
4.0
10.0
0.075
Co
238.892
II
50.0
10.0
0.0060
Fe, V
Co-1
228.616
II
43.0
10.0
0.0070
Cr, Fe, Ni, Ti
Co
237.862
II
31.0
10.0
0.0097
Al, Fe
Co-2
236.379
II
27.0
10.0
0.011
Co
231.160
II
23.0
10.0
0.013
Co-3
345.350
II
23.0
10.0
0.013
Co-4
340.512
Co-5
350.228
Co-6
240.725
Cr-1
205.552
II
49.0
10.0
0.0061
Al, Cu, Fe, Ni
Cr
206.149
II
42.0
10.0
0.0071
Al, Fe, Ti
Cr-2
283.563
II
42.0
10.0
0.0071
Fe, Mg, V
Cr
284.324
Cr-3
357.869
1
13.0
10.0
0.023
Cr-4
425.435
Cr-5
360.533
Cr-6
427.480
Cs
455.531
1
0.6 +
1000.0
50.000
Cr, Fe, Ti, V
Cu-1
324.754
1
56.0
10.0
0.0054
Ca, Cr, Fe, Ti
Cu-2
224.700
II
39.0
10.0
0.0077
Fe, Ni, Ti
Cu
219.958
I
31.0
10.0
0.0097
Al, Fe
Cu-3
327.396
1
31.0
10.0
0.0097
Ca, Fe, Ni, Ti, V
Cu-4
213.598
II
25.0
10.0
0.012
Cu
223.008
1
23.0
10.0
0.013
Dy-1
353.171
Dy
364.540
II
13.0
10.0
0.023
Ca, Fe, Sc, V
Er-1
337.271
II
29.0
10.0
0.010
Cr, Fe, Ni, Ti
Er
349.910
II
17.0
10.0
0.017
Fe, Ti, V
Er-2
390.631
II
14.0
10.0
0.021
Er
323.058
II
16.0
10.0
0.018
Cu, Fe, Mn, Ti, V
Eu
381.967
II
110.0
10.0
0.0027
Ca, Cr, Fe, Ti, V
Eu
412.970
II
70.0
10.0
0.0043
Ca, Cr, Ti
Eu-1
420.505
II
70.0
10.0
0.0043
Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, V
Eu
393.048
II
53.0
10.0
0.0057
Ca, Fe, Ti, V
Eu-2
443.560
Eu-3
368.844
Fe-1
238.204
II
65.0
10.0
0.0046
Cr, V
Fe
239.562
II
59.0
10.0
0.0051
Cr, Mn, Ni
Fe-2
259.940
II
48.0
10.0
0.0062
Mn, Ti
Fe
234.349
II
29.0
10.0
0.010
Fe-3
371.994
464Fe-4
373.713
Fe-5
248.327
Ga
294.364
I
64.0
100.0
0.046
Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ti, V
Ga-1
417.206
I
45.0
100.0
0.066
Cr, Fe, Ti
Ga-2
287.424
I
38.0
100.0
0.078
Cr, Fe, Mg, Ti, V
Ga-3
403.298
I
27.0
100.0
0.111
Ca, Cr, Fe, Mn
Gd-1
342.247
II
21.0
10.0
0.014
Cr, Fe, Ni, Ti
Gd
336.223
II
15.0
10.0
0.020
Ca, Cr, Ni, Ti, V
Gd-2
376.840
Gd
303.284
II
11.0
10.0
0.027
Gd-3
364.620
Gd-4
440.185
Ge
209.426
I
75.0
100.0
0.040
Al, Ca, Cr, Fe, Ni, V
Ge-1
265.118
1
62.0
100.0
0.048
Cr, Fe, Mn, Ti, V
Ge
206.866
I
50.0
100.0
0.060
Al, Cr, Ni, Ti, V
Ge-2
219.870
Ge
265.158
I
36.0
100.0
0.083
Ge-3
303.906
I
29.0
100.0
0.103
Ge-4
326.949
H
486.133
I
17.0
Hf-1
277.336
II
190.0
100.0
0.015
Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, V
Hf
264.141
II
160.0
100.0
0.018
Cr, Fe, Ti, V
Hf
232.247
II
160.0
100.0
0.018
Fe, Ni
Hf
263.871
II
160.0
100.0
0.018
Cr, Fe, Mn, Ti
Hf-2
273.876
Hf-3
202.818
Hg-1
253.652
1
49.0
100.0
0.061
Fe, Mn, Ti
Hg-2
253.652
Hg-3
435.835
I
1.7
100.0
2.727
Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni
Hg-4
435.835
Hg-5
546.075
Hg-6
365.015
Hg-7
404.656
Hg-8
296.728
Hg-9
194.227
Ho-I
345.600
II
53.0
10.0
0.0057
Cr, Fe, Ti
Ho
339.898
II
23.0
10.0
0.013
Fe, Cr, Ti
Ho-2
389.102
11
18.0
10.0
0.016
Ca, Cr, Er, Fe, Tm, V
In-1
230.606
II
47.0
100.0
0.063
Fe, Mn, Ni, Ti
In-2
325.609
I
25.0
100.0
0.120
Cr, Fe, Mn, V
In-3
451.131
I
2.1 +
10.0
0.140
Ar, Fe, Ti, V
Ir-I
224.268
II
110.0
100.0
0.027
Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni
Ir
212.681
II
100.0
100.0
0.030
Al, Cu, Cr, Ni, V
Ir-2
209.263
I
28.0
100.0
0.107
Ir-3
215.268
II
44.0
100.0
0.068
Al, Fe, Ni
Ir-4
254.397
I
19.0
100.0
0.157
K-l
766.490
I
0.5 +
1.0
0.060
Ti
K-2
769.896
I
0.4 +
1.0
0.080
Cr, Ti
K
404.414
I
1.0 +
1000.0
30.000
Ca, Cr, Fe, Ti
K-3
404.720
La
313.749
La-1
379.478
II
30.0
10.0
0.010
Ca, Fe, V
La-2
408.672
II
30.0
10.0
0.010
Ca, Cr, Fe
La
412.323
II
29.0
10.0
0.010
La-3
394.911
465Li-1
670.784
I
1.7 +
0.1
0.0018
V, Ti
Li-2
610.362
I
1.8 +
1.0
0.038
Ca, Fe
Li
460.268
Lu-I
261.542
II
150.0
5.0
0.0010
Al, Ca, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, V
Lu-2
291.139
II
24.0
5.0
0.0062
Cr, Fe, Ti, V
Lu
219.554
II
18.0
5.0
0.0083
Cr, Cu, Fe, V
Mg-1
279.553
II
195.0
1.0
0.00015
Fe, Mn
Mg-2
280.270
II
100.0
1.0
0.00030
Cr, Mn, V
Mg-3
285.213
I
19.0
1.0
0.0016
Cr, Fe, V
Mg-4
383.231
I
0.7
1.0
0.042
Mg-5
277.983
I
0.6
1.0
0.050
Mg-6
278.297
Mn-I
257.610
II
220.0
10.0
0.0014
Al, Cr, Fe, V
Mn-2
259.373
II
190.0
10.0
0.0016
Fe
Mn
260.569
II
145.0
10.0
0.0021
Cr, Fe
Mn-3
293.306
II
22.0
10.0
0.013
Mn
279.482
I
24.0
10.0
0.012
Mn-4
279.827
I
18.0
10.0
0.016
Mn-5
403.076
I
6.8
10.0
0.044
Mo-1
202.030
II
38.0
10.0
0.0079
Al, Fe
Mo
203.844
II
24.0
10.0
0.012
Al, V
Mo
204.598
II
24.0
10.0
0.012
Al
Mo-2
281.615
II
21.0
10.0
0.014
Al, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ti
Mo
201.511
II
16.0
10.0
0.018
Mo-3
379.825
Mo-4
386.411
Mo-5
313.259
Na-1
588.995
I
101.0
100.0
0.029
Ti (2nd order)
Na-2
589.592
I
43.0
100.0
0.069
Fe, Ti, V
Na-3
330.237
1
1.6
100.0
1.875
Cr, Fe, Ti
Na
330.298
1
0.7
100.0
4.285
Nb-1
309.418
II
83.0
100.0
0.036
Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, V
Nb-2
316.340
II
75.0
100.0
0.040
Ca, Cr, Fe
Nb
313.079
II
60.0
100.0
0.050
Cr, Ti, V
Nb
269.706
II
43.0
100.0
0.069
Cr, Fe, V
Nb-3
410.092
Nb-4
202.932
Nd
401.225
II
59.0
100.0
0.050
Ca, Cr, Ti
Nd-1
430.358
II
40.0
100.0
0.075
Ca, Fe
Nd
406.109
II
31.0
100.0
0.096
Ca, Cr, Fe, Mn
Nd-2
415.608
II
28.0
100.0
0.107
Ca, Fe
Ni-1
221.647
II
29.0
10.0
0.010
Cu, Fe, V
Ni-2
232.003
I
20.0
10.0
0.015
Cr, Fe, Mn
Ni-3
231.604
II
19.0
10.0
0.015
Fe
Ni
216.556
II
17.0
10.0
0.017
Al, Cu, Fe
Ni-4
341.476
I
6.2
10.0
0.048
Ni-5
352.454
1
6.6
10.0
0.045
Ni-6
361.939
O
436.830
1
3.2
Os-I
225.585
II
83.0
1.0
0.00036
Cr, Fe, Ni
Os-2
228.226
II
48.0
1.0
0.00063
Fe
Os
189.9
25.0
1.0
0.0012
Cr
Os
233.680
II
24.0
1.0
0.0012
Fe, Ni
Os-3
222.798
I
11.0
1.0
0.0027
466P-1
213.618
I
39.0
100.0
0.076
Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ti
P-2
214.914
I
39.0
100.0
0.076
Al, Cu
P-3
253.565
I
11.0
100.0
0.272
Cr, Fe, Mn, Ti
P
213.547
I
8.5
100.0
0.352
Al, Cr, Cu, Ni, Ti
P
203.549
P-4
255.328
I
5.2
100.0
0.576
P-5
253.401
I
3.0
100.0
1.000
P-6
255.493
Pb-1
220.353
II
70.0
100.0
0.042
Al, Cr, Fe
Pb
216.999
I
33.0
100.0
0.090
Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni
Pb-2
283.307
I
21.0
100.0
0.142
Cr, Fe, Mg
Pb-3
280.200
Pb-4
405.782
Pb-5
368.347
Pd-1
340.458
I
68.0
100.0
0.044
Fe, Ti, V
Pd
363.470
I
55.0
100.0
0.054
Ar, Fe, Ni, Ti
Pd-2
342.124
I
30.0
100.0
0.100
Pd-3
244.791
I
23.0
100.0
0.130
Pr-1
406.282
Pr-2
398.972
Pr
390.844
II
8.1
10.0
0.037
Ca, Cr, Fe, V
Pr
414.311
II
8.0
10.0
0.037
Fe, Ni, Ti, V
Pr
406.281
II
6.3
10.0
0.047
Pr
398.972
Pt-1
214.423
II
100.0
100.0
0.030
Al, Fe
Pi
203.646
II
54.0
100.0
0.055
Al, Cu, Fe
Pi
204.937
I
42.0
100.0
0.071
Al, Fe, Ti, V
Pt-2
265.945
I
37.0
100.0
0.081
Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, V
Pt-3
306.471
I
25.0
100.0
0.120
Pt-4
299.797
Pt-5
262.803
Rb-1
780.023
1
0.2 +
1.0
0.150
Ti
Rb-2
794.760
I
0.2 +
100.0
15.000
Ar
Rb
420.185
I
1.2 +
1000.0
25.000
Fe, Mn, Ni, V
Re
197.313
11
49.0
10.0
0.006
Al, Ti
Re-1
221.426
II
47.0
10.0
0.006
Cu, Fe, Mn
Re-2
227.525
II
44.0
10.0
0.006
Ca, Fe, Ni
Re
189.836
II
8.0
10.0
0.037
Fe
Re-3
346.472
Rh
233.477
II
67.0
100.0
0.044
Cr, Fe, Ni, Ti, V
Rh-1
249.077
II
52.0
100.0
0.057
Cr, Fe, Mn
Rh
343.489
I
50.0
100.0
0.060
V
Rh-2
369.236
I
35.0
100.0
0.085
Rh-3
332.309
Rh-4
343.489
1
50.0
100.0
0.060
V
Ru-I
240.272
II
100.0
100.0
0.030
Cr, Fe, V
Ru
245.657
II
100.0
100.0
0.030
Fe
Ru-2
267.876
II
83.0
100.0
0.036
Cr, Fe, Mn, V
Sb-1
206.833
I
91.0
100.0
0.032
Al, Cr, Fe, Ni, Ti, V
Sb-2
217.581
I
68.0
100.0
0.044
Al, Fe, Ni
Sb
231.147
I
49.0
100.0
0.061
Fe, Ni
Sb-3
252.852
I
28.0
100.0
0.107
Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, V
Sb-4
259.806
Sc-1
361.384
II
200.0
10.0
0.0015
Cr, Cu, Fe, Ti
467Sc
357.253
II
150.0
10.0
0.0020
Fe, Ni, V
Sc
363.075
II
140.0
10.0
0.0021
Ca, Cr, Fe, V
Sc-2
402.369
Se
196.090
1
40.0
100.0
0.075
Al, Fe
Se-1
203.985
1
26.0
100.0
0.115
Al, Cr, Fe, Mn
Se-2
206.279
1
10.0
100.0
0.300
Al, Cr, Fe, Ni, Ti, V
Si-1
251.611
I
250.0
100.0
0.012
Cr, Fe, Mn, V
Si
212.412
I
180.0
100.0
0.016
Al, V
Si-2
288.158
I
110.0
100.0
0.027
Cr, Fe, Mg, V
Si-3
250.690
1
100.0
100.0
0.030
Al, Cr, Fe, V
Si-4
251.921
Sm-1
359.260
II
69.0
100.0
0.043
Cr, Fe, Ti, V
Sm
442.434
II
55.0
100.0
0.054
Cr, Ca, Ti, V
Sm-2
356.826
Sm-3
443.432
II
36.0
100.0
0.083
Sn
189.989
II
120.0
100.0
0.025
Sn-1
235.484
I
31.0
100.0
0.096
Fe, Ni, Ti, V
Sn
242.949
1
31.0
100.0
0.096
Fe, Mn
Sn-2
283.999
I
27.0
100.0
0.111
Al, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ti, V
Sn-3
224.605
1
25.0
100.0
0.120
Sn-4
380.100
Sn-5
317.502
Sr-1
407.771
II
72.0
1.0
0.00042
Cr, Fe, Ti
Sr-2
421.552
II
39.0
1.0
0.00077
Sr
216.596
II
36.0
10.0
0.0083
Al, Fe, Ni
Sr-3
460.733
1
4.4
10.0
0.068
Ta-1
226.230
II
120.0
100.0
0.025
Al, Fe
Ta-2
240.063
II
105.0
100.0
0.028
Cr, Cu, Fe, V
Ta
268.517
II
100.0
100.0
0.030
Cr, Fe, Mn, V
Tb-1
350.917
II
130.0
100.0
0.023
Cr, Fe, Ti, V
Tb
384.873
II
54.0
100.0
0.055
Ca, Cr, Mg, V
Tb
367.635
II
50.0
100.0
0.060
Ca, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ti, V
Tb-2
370.285
Tb-3
432.648
Te
214.281
I
73.0
100.0
0.041
Al, Fe, Ti, V
Te
225.902
1
17.0
100.0
0.176
Fe, Ni, Ti, V
Te-1
214.725
I
14.0
100.0
0.214
Al, Cr, Fe, Ni, Ti, V
Te-2
208.116
I
11.0
100.0
0.272
Th-1
283.730
II
46.0
100.0
0.065
Cr, Fe, Mg, Ni, V
Th
283.231
II
42.0
100.0
0.071
Cr, Fe, Mg, Ti
Th-2
401.913
11
36.0
100.0
0.083
Ca, Cu, Mn
Th-3
439.111
Ti-1
334.941
II
79.0
10.0
0.0038
Ca, Cr, Cu, V
Ti-2
336.121
II
57.0
10.0
0.0053
Ca, Cr, Ni, V
Ti
323.452
II
56.0
10.0
0.0054
Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, V
Ti-3
337.280
II
45.0
10.0
0.0067
Ni, V
Ti-4
364.268
Ti-5
500.721
TI
190.864
II
74.0
100.0
0.040
Al, Ti
TI-1
276.787
I
25.0
100.0
0.120
Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ti, V
TI
351.924
I
15.0
100.0
0.200
Cr, Fe, Ni, V
TI-2
377.572
I
13.0
100.0
0.230
Ca, Fe, Ni, Ti, V
TI-3
352.943
I
1.7
100.0
1.764
Tm
313.126
II
58.0
10.0
0.0052
Cr, Ti, V
468Tm-1
346.220
II
37.0
10.0
0.0081
Ca, Cr, Fe, Ni, V
Tm-2
370.026
II
14.0
10.0
0.021
Tm-3
409.418
U-l
385.958
II
12.0
100.0
0.250
Ca, Cr, Fe
U-2
367.007
II
10.0
100.0
0.300
Fe, Ni, Ti, V
U-3
424.167
II
6.5
100.0
0.461
U-4
358.488
V-l
309.311
II
60.0
10.0
0.0050
Al, Cr, Fe, Mg
V-2
310.230
II
47.0
10.0
0.0064
Fe, Ni, Ti
V-3
292.402
11
40.0
10.0
0.0075
Cr, Fe, Ti
V
290.882
II
34.0
10.0
0.0088
Cr, Fe, Mg, Mo
V-4
437.924
W-l
207.911
II
100.0
100.0
0.030
Al, Cu, Ni, Ti
W
224.875
II
67.0
100.0
0.044
Cr, Fe
W
218.935
II
65.0
100.0
0.046
Cu, Fe, Ti
W-2
202.998
II
40.0
100.0
0.075
W-3
276.427
W-4
400.875
Y-l
371.030
II
86.0
10.0
0.0035
Ti, V
Y
324.228
II
67.0
10.0
0.0045
Cu, Ni, Ti
Y-2
377.433
II
57.0
10.0
0.0053
Fe, Mn, Ti, V
Y-3
410.238
Yb
328.937
II
170.0
10.0
0.0018
Cu, Fe, Ti, V
Yb-1
369.419
II
100.0
10.0
0.0030
Ca, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ti, V
Yb
389.138
Yb-2
398.799
Zn-1
213.856
1
170.0
10.0
0.0018
Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Ti, V
Zn-2
202.548
II
75.0
10.0
0.0040
Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni
Zn-3
206.200
II
51.0
10.0
0.0059
Al, Cr, Fe, Ni, Ti
Zn-4
481.053
I
1.3
10.0
0.230
Zr
343.823
II
42.0
10.0
0.0071
Ca, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ti
Zr-I
339.198
II
39.0
10.0
0.0077
Cr, Fe, Ti, V
Zr
257.139
II
31.0
10.0
0.0097
Cr, Fe, Hf, Mg, Mn, Ti, V
Zr-2
360.119
Zr-3
407.270
S/B, signal to background.
DL, detection limits.
Courtesy of J. Leeman, Lowell, MA.