ABSTRACT
The optical fiber has become the dominant transmission medium in photonic systems. Long-distance high-data-rate optical communication has been achieved because of the very low signal attenuation and the minimal distortion of the light pulses in optical fiber waveguides. Short-distance communication links and local area networks (LANs) are using fiber instead of copper wire because of its superior qualities, such as lower loss, wider bandwidth, smaller size, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and its security as a transmission medium. In addition to optical fiber use as a transmission medium, many fiber optic sensors use the fiber as a sensor element to modulate the signal transmitted.
