ABSTRACT
This chapter presents an introduction to the basic functions and layout of a computer. It outlines and summarizes computer programming languages, with emphasis being placed on the Beginner's All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code (BASIC) language. The BASIC language has been selected for the models incorporated for the following reasons: Computer programs usually are formed of subprograms that are easily developed and tested separately. The language originally was developed by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz at Dartmouth College in the early 1960s. A typical personal computer includes five hardware components: a processor, disk drives, full-sized keyboard, video display device, and an output device, in addition to other peripherals. High level programming languages are machine independent. The features considered essential to the success of a program include simplicity of the algorithm or technique, program clarity, and efficiency in executing the program.
