ABSTRACT
The drift effects are important in the problem of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modes when the characteristic drift frequency ω" is of the order of or larger than the growth rate of these modes. The characteristic growth rate of the ideal MHD modes with m > 1 is of the order of uTi/R. The chapter describes the effects of the oscillating longitudinal inertia and longitudinal viscosity, in terms of the compressible part of the perturbed plasma pressure proportional to the metric oscillations. It considers two-fluid ballooning modes with ω ≪ uTi/qR neglecting the longitudinal viscosity. Drift effects are manifested as the known stabilizing effect of a finite Larmor radius, so that for sufficiently large drift frequencies the above modes become stable. The chapter considers the drift–ballooning modes in the collisionless range of the banana regime and their excitation due to resonant and collisional interaction with circulating particles.
