ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on a study which discusses the general reasons of water ponding and groundwater contamination which are the most pronounced hydrogeological problems in the Nile Delta villages. El-Batanon and Sers Ellian villages and their surrounding irrigation areas and irrigation canals were topographically surveyed. The Quaternary deltaic deposits constitute the lithology of the main aquifer. They are composed of un-consolidated coarse sand and gravels, with occasional clay and silt lenses. It has been found that the groundwater samples collected from the domestic productive pumping stations located inside the village-quarters and at depth ranges between 40–60 m show high salinity content and major and trace chemical species contents. Hydrochemical facies have been determined to denote the diagnostic chemical aspect of water solutions occurring in the hydrologic system covering the study area. The facies also reflect the response of chemical processes in the lithologic framework and the pattern of water flowing in it.
