ABSTRACT
A finite element approach is discussed that takes into account the localization of strains within shear bands and the consequent strain softening behaviour of geological media, such as dense or stiff soils and rocks. Both “constitutive” and “structural” interpretations of the phenomenon are considered in a two stage numerical analysis. The finite element simulation of some direct shear tests and plane strain compression tests is presented to get some insight into accuracy and limits of the adopted numerical approach. Then, the method is applied to the analyses of shallow and underground excavations, leading to some conclusions about the influence of strain softening on the overall behaviour of this kind of geotechnical engineering structures.
