ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses excavation and materials handling, immobilization technologies, separation technologies, destruction technologies, and air-pollution control technologies commonly used in soil treatment systems. A large soil excavation at a hazardous waste site requires extensive planning. Excavation plans for hazardous waste sites also commonly include dewatering plans, if saturated soil must be excavated; health and safety plans, as required by OSHA; and sampling plans, to ensure that the work meets clean-up goals. Excavation sometimes extends to the seasonal groundwater low to remove the maximum volume of unsaturated soil at a site and/or to remove light nonaqueous phase liquid residual smeared by water table fluctuations. Many of the air pollution control units used in soil remediation are also used in groundwater treatment systems. Air pollution control units include condensers, to remove water or liquid organics; units designed to remove particulates, such as cyclones, baghouses, and wet scrubbers; and units designed to remove acid gases, such as packed column scrubbers.
