ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses some applications of Fourier analysis to optics. It shows how FAS can be used to analyze some important problems in optics, such as the behavior of diffraction gratings and imaging with lenses. The chapter explores Fresnel diffraction, which is one of the fundamental types of diffraction in optics. It also discusses the effect of a thin lens on monochromatic light. Understanding the effect of lenses is obviously of fundamental importance in optics. The chapter presents the fundamental formula of diffraction theory and the general formula for imaging with a single lens. It describes two specific cases of the imaging formula, the cases of coherent and incoherent illumination, which are the some fundamental types of illumination. The chapter provides a discussion of Fraunhofer diffraction, which plays a very important role in applications of diffraction theory.
