ABSTRACT
Groundwater accounts for the base flow of all perennial streams, over 90% of the world fresh water resources. Groundwater is subsurface water that occurs beneath the water table in soils and geological formations that are fully saturated. In many instances of groundwater contamination, the ability to predict how the contaminant plume will behave in the future can only be done on the basis of extensive drilling and sampling program. Water level is measured by using an electronic probe, chalked tape, and so on. When sampling drinking water from residential, private potable wells, they must be purged as described under groundwater sampling. Surface water types are different, and include lakes, ponds, streams, rivers, and estuarine areas. The selection of the sample sites depends on the nature of the sampling project, the parameters of interest, and the type of samples. Sampling locations should follow the permit requirements and the locations necessary to establish environmental impact.
