ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the electronic implementations of functions. Most of these functions are frequently used in measuring systems. It describes the following topics: tools, analogue functions, analogue-to-digital conversion and vice versa, digital functions and miscellaneous. In order to be able to present some concepts in a suitable context we start with a presentation of a collection of ‘tools’ by which functions can be described in a characteristic way. To determine the pole-zero plot of such a system we assume that the poles and zeros of the separate systems are known. However, other reasons also exist for the application of analogue circuitry. In some applications it is advantageous to apply analogue circuits, for instance in telecommunications and very-high-frequency applications. An operational amplifier is a basic building block usually with a differential input and a single-ended output. The configuration is able to discriminate between the common-mode signal and the difference signal.
