ABSTRACT
There are a number of possible denitions: Q the defendant intentionally and directly applies unlawful force to
claimant’s body – but force is irrelevant in, for example, medicine; Q the defendant, intending the result, does an act which directly and
physically affects the claimant, but still implies damage; Q has been said to include the ‘ordinary collisions of life’, but this is
very unlikely (Wilson v Pringle (1987)).