ABSTRACT
The investigative approaches to the study of human emotion have emphasized both cognitive (Lazarus, 1982, 1984) and biological factors (Kelley & Stinus, 1984). Despite the insights produced by these studies, there have been few attempts to integrate the cognitive and biological aspects of emotional function. In most of the influential theories of emotion, physiological correlates of emotional experience are acknowledged to be crucial (James, 1890; Mandler, 1984; Schacter & Singer, 1962), but these formulations have focused on functions of the autonomic nervous system, ignoring higher order control mechanisms in the brain. Biological models of emotion, on the other hand, have concentrated primarily on neurological mechanisms and have failed to translate these processes into a coherent theory of emotional behavior (Panksepp, 1985; Swerdlow & Koob, 1987).
