ABSTRACT
Municipal wastewaters in Finland are treated with processes that efficiently remove phosphorus and organic matter. Traditionally, nitrogen removal has been considered less important because of the inconsiderable role of nitrogen in primary production especially in the inland waters. Cold temperature of wastewaters also impedes nitrogen removal and makes enhanced nitrogen removal challenging and expensive in Finland. Bothnian Bay, the northern part of the Baltic Sea is known to be phosphorus limited, whereas southern parts of the Baltic Sea are more nitrogen limited. In coastal waters nutrient limitation varies.
