ABSTRACT
By the autumn of 1943, the problem of the Atlantic convoys had been solved by the provision of long range aircraft for their protection. The German heavy ship concentration remained at Altenfiord. but on 22nd September midget submarines succeeded in crippling the TirpjJz,l and when this was kno.....n the Admiralty a t once decided to resume· the convoys to North Russia. The threat from surface craft was further reduced by the departure of the LiUww about this time for 3 long refit in Germany, leaving only the SdwrnhOfJl. and six destroyers in Northern Korway.
