ABSTRACT
Among the many tasks that India faced immediately after the attainment of independence in 1947, reconstruction and expansion of her system of education was one of the most stupendous. The newly independent country assumed responsibility for an educational system that had become very outdated after years of colonial rule. The Indian government had to quickly reconstruct a modern and viable system of national education. This required the creation of, among other qualities, universal free elementary education, programs to reduce adult illiteracy, a rational language policy including the adoption of Indian languages as the media of instruction, restructuring secondary and higher education by introducing and modernizing vocational education and a diversified curriculum, raising educational standards at all levels, and improving methods of teaching and examinations, improving its research facilities, and improving special education services and resources for the retarded (Kamat, 1980).
