ABSTRACT
In the late 1960s an organization theory of memory was advanced by George Mandler (1967, 1972) and a group of other researchers studying memory and cognition (Thlving & Donaldson, 1972). The theory included at least three major assumptions. The first assumption is that knowledge in long-term memory is organized in the form of a hierarchical structure of concept nodes. For example, consider the hierarchical structure that underlies the animal kingdom. The most superordinate node (animal) directly dominates a handful of nodes at a second level (reptile, bird, fish, amphibian, mammal), whereas any given node at the second level (e.g., mammal) dominates a set of nodes at a third level (dog, cat, monkey, etc.), and so on.
