ABSTRACT
The present increase of decisional capabilities of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools makes the problem of cooperation between humans and Intelligent Support Systems more and more actual in the high-level decision tasks for process supervision and control. This chapter tries to bring some elements for modeling and implementing cooperative organizations involving heterogeneous decision-makers: human and artificial. Distributed Artificial Intelligence approaches are first analyzed and illustrated through an example in the air traffic control domain (ATC). Then Human Engineering and Ergonomics approaches are described and analyzed in the same application domain. A comparison of both approaches is made through conceptual points of view and also through pragmatic criteria concerned by the implementation possibilities in concrete complex application domains such ATC.
