ABSTRACT
This chapter aims to consider various configurations of scientific transactions as a source of conflict of interest in science. It deals with the impact of conflict of interest on the process of peer review and its outcomes. The chapter explains some practical solutions with regard to its management. It focuses on sources of distributive unfairness and offers procedural solutions as to how to minimize their impact. The chapter shows that the coexistence of the two registers also leads to a conflict of interest. It discusses various manifestations of a conflict of interest and compares practices of peer review with the work of jurors in the judicial system. The clash between the first and the second registers of communication in the judicial process took especially acute forms in previous times. The rules dictate that communication at the second register shall be given priority, whereas the context tends to place a high value on communication at the first register.
