ABSTRACT
This chapter aims to give a general picture of the problems now confronting Islamic theology. Philosophy need not be considered separately, since there are now no "bearers" of the Islamic philosophy apart from the theologians. In so far as modern European culture is an expression of the Greek spirit, the impact of Europe on the Islamic world might be called "the third wave of Hellenism". Turkey is at one extreme, in that it has turned away from Islamic ideas and officially accepted a Western outlook. If the present attempts to revive Islamic theology in Turkey are successful, the results should be most important. The new problem for Islamic theologians, as for those of all the religions is to present what they see of value in their religion in such a form that it is capable of being assimilated by others.
