ABSTRACT
Islam is the most ethnocentric religion and political culture. It differentiates the world in Dār al-Islām against Dār al-Harb; between the good and righteous society and the bad and unclean society; in Dār al-Wilāyah against Dār al-Kufr. It is Halāl against Harām; it is al-Ma‘rûf against al-Munkar; it is the right against wrong; it is the pious against the evildoers; and it is Paradise or Hell.
