ABSTRACT
In every branch of learning John Locke epitomized the Seventeenth Century, dominated the Eighteenth, and controlled the institutional and psychological concepts of orthodox economists in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, after philosophers and psychologists had abandoned them. Modern psychology and economics require only the abandonment of his physical concept of the mind, derived as it was by analogy to the only sciences—physics, optics, and astronomy—then in vogue, and the substitution of concepts suitable for the experimental method of studying psychology, history, and economics. The threefold dimension of physical and economic power is unknown to physics. It is the dimensions of the will in its bodily action, upon which economic and legal theory is builded. The economic meaning of Commonwealth began with the political meaning. It arose from the confiscation of the monasteries, the conversion of arable land to pasture, and the enclosures of common lands.
