ABSTRACT
This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the key concepts discussed in the preceding chapters of this book. The book suggests that the evolution of the human reproductive strategy is a result of a long series of compromises, of weighing the costs and benefits of each new adaptation. It deals with the dangers of obstetrical medication, many women are seeking to forego drugs during pregnancy and delivery as much as possible. The book considers five major transitions in human biology and culture that have resulted in changes in parturition and the mother-infant relationship. Five major transitions are the origin of bipedalism and associated greater difficulties in parturition; secondary altriciality of the neonate associated with encephalization; the behavioral adaptation of obligate midwifery with further encephalization; postpartum separation and decreased contact between mother and infant; and technological effects on birth and infant care in the industrial age.
