ABSTRACT
ZhDngguó huà refers to the spoken language. ZhDngwén refers to Chinese in its spoken and written form. The spoken form of any dialect of Chinese can be referred to as ZhDngguó huà, though each dialect can also be referred to by its dialect name: GuFngdDng huà (Cantonese), MHnnán huà (Southern Min), ShànghFi huà (Shanghainese), KèjiA huà (Hakka), PJtDng huà (the label for Mandarin in mainland China), GuóyJ (the label for Mandarin in Taiwan), etc.
