ABSTRACT
This chapter shows that a number of significant developments with respect to democratic governance generally, as well as the development of various new technologies, have had a significant impact on police governance. It is not just police governance and oversight institutions that have been impacted by changed understandings and expectations of democracy. Meetings of police-governing authorities that were previously closed to the public were opened to public attendance and their agendas were advertised in advance. In all countries, community- or neighborhood-based organizations have been created to advise the police and assist in crime prevention. Proactive crime prevention, especially under the methodology of problem-oriented policing, requires a whole-of-government approach involving departments of education, recreation, sanitation, transportation, traffic engineering, and public health. Attitudes toward democratic governance were changing, including a distrust of "government by experts" and professional self-government in particular. In effect, neighborhood watch has gone digital, vastly increasing surveillance, even into private spaces that police do not have access to.
