ABSTRACT
The starting point of the development is house industry, producing for the requirements of a small or large household. Tribal industry is carried on originally as a welcome auxiliary source of income, but later to an increasing extent as a regular occupation. Regional division of occupations may be first "demiurgic"—that is, not yet related to a market though no longer inter-tribal, the village or a landed proprietor acquiring craft workers and compelling them to work for the village or the estate (oikos). A different course is taken by the seigniorial form of exploitation of craft workers, that is, the large household or estate type of specialization carried out by princes or lords of the land for private or political purposes. While in the rural industries the lord disposes of the products through the agency of his unfree labor force, in the towns it is generally the merchant who by means of his trading capital sets up establishments with unfree workers.
