ABSTRACT
If the four chapters in this section were simply accounts of the travails of planning, they would present no special difficulties for the pragmatic reader. “Here is the way it was in a particular setting in time and space,” we might say to ourselves. “We may in the future want to extract lessons from these stories of past planning wars, but that should always be done with a sense that there are no guarantees that what worked yesterday will work tomorrow, no certainty that the world will be predictable and our knowledge more than a comforting illusion.”
