ABSTRACT
The desire to anticipate, shape, and control the future is a fundamental condition of human existence for individuals as well as collectivities. At the collective level, planning is embedded in a series of existential dilemmas stemming from our desires for autonomy and community; for spontaneity and predictability; for individual expression and social control. These dilemmas are faced, negotiated, resolved, and renegotiated through historical agreements, norms, customs, rules, laws, rights, and obligations that we represent as “institutions.”
