ABSTRACT
Initsmostgeneralform,informationissimplyacollectionof propositionswhosetruthvalueis0or1.Thefactthatuncertainty existsinthetruthvaluesofempiricallybasedpropositionsmaybe representedbypropositionsaboutprobabilitieswhosetruthvalue isassumedtobe0or1.Thustheuncertaintyinthetruthvalueof h1(x)='thedemandwillbex'isrepresentedbyaproposition h2(x)='theprobabilitythatthedemandwillbexisp(x)'whichis assumedtobetrueorfalse.Ifthetruthvalueofh2isnotknown,then wemayincludepropositionssuchash3(x)='theprobabilitythat h2(x)istrueisq(x,p(x))'.AswillbeseeninChapter(2),weareusing probability-typechains.Weneednotuseprobabilities.Wecanfor example,usepropositionsoftheformh4='thedemandwillsatisfy a~x~/3',and,althoughthedemandisuncertain,h4isassumed tobetrueorfalse.
