ABSTRACT
This chapter shows how the Armenian Question, which appeared on the international scene in the Congress of Berlin of 1878, acquired urgency in three diplomatic waves, and the way in which statistics played a central role in debates throughout this period. It compares the statistical data provided by the Ottoman, Armenian, and Great Power sources and highlight the more questionable aspects that at times looked like wars of statistics. The chapter also shows how statistics played a role in the internal political reorganization of the Ottoman State, even before the Armenian Question appeared. This will lead to a brief summary of the history of statistics and its role in Ottoman history. The project of reform presented by Khrimian at the Congress of Berlin in the summer of 1878 was based on the statistical principle and accompanied by a map that showed where the Armenian population lived.
