ABSTRACT
Historians disagree whether people can determine the end of the medieval period and the beginning of Modern Times and whether at all such a differentiation is justified. The reality of nature and environment and the own bodily existence gain importance and significance. It is a turn from dominant neural to dominant gastrular, from a pure inner system to a leading outer system. At the beginning of Modern Times, man concentrated more and more on a gastrular level of communication, that is, on knowledge and research by means of facts collected by its sensory organs. "The era which was to be called Modern Times, was characterized by an accelerated increase of knowledge or in other words by an increased rate of applicability of intellect". Giordano Bruno took over ideas of Nicholas of Kues, a catholic cardinal and philosopher who in addition to traditional medieval themes, proclaimed also modern attitudes and interests.
