ABSTRACT
This chapter provides definitions and information on diagnostic and statistical elements of Social physique anxiety (SPA), body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), and muscle dysmorphia (MD), which is a particular type of BDD. It also provides commentary on the theoretical background of the mechanisms that play an essential role in development of SPA and MD among exercisers and physically active individuals. The chapter explains Main topics and associated concepts in vignettes to illustrate experiences of SPA and MD, and how they relate to exercise and physical activity. It describes variables that have been linked to SPA and MD, including potential causes, moderators, mediators, and other correlates. The chapter examines theoretically grounded recommendations for professionals working with physically active individuals who portray symptoms of SPA and/or MD. It focuses on how individuals with heightened SPA levels deal with experiences of anxiety and the coping strategies used to manage unwanted potential ramifications.
