ABSTRACT
China is a continental state vulnerable to frequent natural disasters, which today affect about 300 million people every year. With its vast territory and diverse climatic and geological conditions, the country is exposed to most types of natural hazards like meteorological disasters, earthquakes, mudslides, marine disasters, biological disasters, and forest fires. Studies have shown that both in ancient history and modern days, China has been suffering the most from floods, earthquakes, and other meteorological disasters like drought and typhoon. 1 In response to devastating natural disasters that may pose fatal threats towards their governance, successive dynasties in ancient Chinese history developed complicated bureaucratic systems to prevent and handle those calamities.
