ABSTRACT
Over the past fifty years there has been an unprecedented growth in public concern for the environment.1 The 1960s saw a surge in environmental activity driven by transformative social, cultural and political events. This resulted in the emergence of a new social movement that furthered the environmental agenda by mobilising public opinion and forcing governments and businesses to take action. The new breed of international environmental campaign groups founded at this time took on a set of environmental issues that went beyond the narrower wildlife and wilderness protection interests of earlier groups. The moral entrepreneurship of this new generation of campaign groups increased public awareness of environmental issues and helped to define and shape a wide range of environmental debates.2 As campaigning groups professionalised their operations and took on a more corporate character, the 1980s and 1990s saw the formation of distinct, community-based offshoots of the environmental movement, in part as a response to globalisation. By the turn of the twenty-first century, the environmental movement had become as diverse and complex as the environmental issues it faced. It continues to evolve and has adapted to address new environmental challenges, developing new campaign tactics to achieve its goals.
