ABSTRACT
Overview Gluconeogenesis synthesizes glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors and is important for the maintenance of blood glucose levels during starvation or during vigorous exercise. The brain and erythrocytes depend almost entirely on blood glucose as an energy source. Gluconeogenesis occurs mainly in the liver and to a lesser extent in the kidney. Most enzymes of gluconeogenesis are cytosolic, but pyruvate carboxylase and glucose 6-phosphatase are located in the mitochondrial matrix and bound to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, respectively.
