ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews what has been learned concerning sex differences in stratification and labor-related activities. It suggests that males and females approach these aspects of life in different ways. The formation of hierarchies seems to be a common way used among social animals to exercise differential control over resources. The chapter presents a summary of research findings with regard to sex differences in the formation of these hierarchies and its consequences in terms of access to resources. Dominance is a complex and widespread phenomenon among social animals. It is usually predicated on individual recognition of individual social group members, and often involves ritualistic behavior of a deferential nature toward those who are dominant to oneself. The chapter explores research on sex differences in dominance-related behaviour. Numerous studies have sought to determine if dominance is more common among males than among females in numerous species.
