ABSTRACT
At the same time I was engaging in my dissertation research, I was also employed at a large testing organization, for which I had the opportunity to conduct various standard settings. I was responsible for, or participated in, many standard settings for very large-scale national testing programs and
for programs testing only a handful of examinees annually At one time or another, I tried most of the methods in the extant armamentarium: Angoff (1971), Ebel (1972), Nedelsky (1954), Hofstee (1983), and others, as well as variations on each. For 5 years, I labored helping medical, allied health, and other organizations grapple with the issue of setting standards. For nearly as long-or so it seemed-I wrestled with my doctoral studies.
