ABSTRACT
As discussed in the theoretical section of the Introduction, science policy-makers in most research systems increasingly attach value to the internationalization of their research system. Apart from promoting the participation in the global scientifi c market, strategic agencies and organizations may also attempt to tap foreign expertise directly by inviting foreign-based researchers to take part in the evaluation of research proposals, laboratories, or institutions, and in doing so help to improve the quality (control mechanisms) of the national research system. In addition, governments and intermediary agencies increasingly provide institutional support for international cooperation and collaboration.
