ABSTRACT
In this opening chapter, we shall situate abstinence from meat within the historic Christian tradition of asceticism. In late ancient society and through much of the medieval era, Christians promoted practices similar to those of modern vegetarians. These practices were by no means universal, and the specific foods permitted and excluded do not correspond conveniently with modern vegetarian categories. A recurring Christian norm of abstention from red meat is nevertheless identifiable, both within religious orders and among lay people. Indeed, meat abstention can be seen, at least historically, as a foundational element of Christian identity and discipline. Our task in this chapter will be to begin to trace the origins and development of practices of meat abstention, and to understand their changing significance within Christianity.
