ABSTRACT
The International Court of Justice has addressed VCCR Article 36 in four cases: Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (Paraguay v. United States); LaGrand Case (Germany v. United States); Avena and Other Mexican Nationals (Mexico v. United States); and Request for Interpretation of the Judgment of 31 March 2004 in the Case Concerning Avena and Other Mexican Nationals (Mexico v. U.S.A.).1 Each case related to convictions and death sentences in the United States. Paraguay, Germany, and Mexico were able to gain jurisdiction over the United States in these cases on the basis of the VCCR Optional Protocol (see Chapter 24).
