ABSTRACT
Despite more than 50 years of research, scholars still debate what constitutes a social movement. According to one well-known definition, social movements may be defined as ‘collective challenges by people with common purposes and solidarity in sustained interaction with elites and authorities.’1
Moreover, Donatella Della Porta and Mario Dianni, two prominent scholars in the field of SMT, argued that social movements by their nature are decentralized in structure.2
