ABSTRACT
This chapter provides an overview of the epidemiology of TBI sustained in childhood and to consider approaches to classification. Child traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most frequent cause of interruption to normal development and results in significant impairments in many survivors. Across the globe, seatbelt laws, helmet laws, and campaigns against drunk driving have reduced the overall death rate from motor vehicle accidents, as well as the incidence of severe TBI. The Royal Children's Hospital (RCH) thus acts as the state wide catchment for significant child illnesses and injuries. In Australia, based on recent figures, the total community cost of TBI has been estimated at $9 billion per year, with costs divided among the individual/family, the state, and the federal government. Overall, mortality rates are lower among children than among adolescents and adults, although infancy represents a particularly high-risk period.
