ABSTRACT
The post-Darwinian type of scientific thought which Smuts describes as “holistic” takes the physical world to be an evolving, dynamic whole or synthesis, which is not only greater than the sum of its parts, but which also so relates the parts that their functioning is conditioned by their interrelations. The holistic viewpoint which has proven so fruitful in the biological and physical sciences is precisely the viewpoint of the heterodox economists whose work is the primary interest of this study. These economists all have the same holistic orientation or intellectual approach which Smuts finds to be so characteristic of modern scientific and philosophic thought.2
