Index

Aaron, Richard 1. 313n26, 325n36, 326n61, 327n65

abstraction 49-51, 57f, 99, 242-63, 302f; see also universals

accidents, real 30-3, 64, 76, 307n50, 308n53; see also substances

affirmation 19-25, 83-5, 104, 126, 205, 302, 307n33; see also judgement

after-images 287 algebra 93 analogy 114, 116, 299 analysis see method analytic and synthetic propositions

101, 221£, 256; see also knowledge (trifling and instructive)

angels 88f, 123 animals' thought 46, 142, 145, 178f Anscombe, G.E.M. 201, 279f, 322n49 appearances, always true 34f, 166,

321n25; see also ideas (simple and complex), signs

a priori thought 71, 75, 138, 140, 144, 221£, 264-8, 272, 276, 277, 282, 289-300, 302-4; see also abstraction, universals

Aristotle, Aristotelian philosophy 19f, 26£, 28-33, 36, 37, 44, 61, 64, 68, 81£, 89-91, 100, 223f, 226, 242-4, 269f

arithmetic see number Arnauld, Antoine 22, 39, 52, 54-7, 59,

68f, 86, 89f, 231, 243; see also Port Royal Logic

Ashcraft, Richard 123f, 318n155 aspect-shift 177f, 186; see also 'seeing

as' assent 21£, 82f, 104-11; see also

judgement, belief, probability atheism 121, 314n64 atomism 14, 17f; see also mechanism Augustine, St 28, 34

Bacon, Francis 17, 90-3, 114-17 Bayle, Pierre 231, 236 behaviourism 17, 72, 194f, 201£, 240,

277-9, 284, 291, 302, 323n50; see also functionalism

being idea of 49, 159,251£; scale of 52; see also existence

belief, opinion 81-7, 104-12, 125-7, 145-51, 156£, 270f, 273, 312n13, 316n85; and desire 194f, 199f; see also assent

Berkeley, George 50, 66, 180, 184, 188, 229-31, 236, 242, 250f, 256, 262f,286

blindsight 141,183,196, 198f Bold, Samuel 161 Boyle, Robert 13, 17f, 31, 118 Buridan, Jean 204f Burnet, Thomas 329nl04 Burthogge, Richard 329nl04

Kant, Immanuel 33,101,111,174, 232f,255

Katz, Jerrold J. 292, 294f, 297 knowledge 81-103, 125-44 et passim;

actual and habitual 86, 96-8, 140, 267f, see also memory; classifications of 81-9, 93-103; definition of 57, 67, 104, 107, 159, 266£; degrees of 15, 86, 88-95; foundations of 41-3, 82, 167-76, 125, 127, 129, 139, 303f, 322n47, see also defeasibility, maxims,

188,207; of two senses 65, 188, see also sensory field

identity 98-101, 237, 298; see also individuation

illusion, misperception 74, 166-71, 175f, 186-8, 191,264-7,285,287, 324; see also error, 'seeing as'

imagination 26-9, 44-51, 89, 111£, 149, 243, 246-8, 250-8, 279f, 285-8 see also imagism

imagism 17, 44-51, 68, 75,241, 243f, 248, 252f, 255-8, 279, 281, 286,288 302f, 330nl16; see also intellect, imagination

illumination 317; see also enthusiasm, evidence

individuation 76£,237-41,261 induction, principle of 114, 178 infinity 48, 225f, 228, 231, 236 intellect, pure 27-9, 44f, 47f, 68, 89,

242f, 248, 251, 284, 288; see also Imagism

intelligence 265-8, 277, 289-95, 299f, 303, 331

intentionality, intentional existence 26-8,52-9, 60-5, 68f, 70-7, 154, 172, 179, 193-206,279,281£, 288, 301, 307046

intuition 88f, 103, 124, 143f, 273, 289f 292f, 298, 303 et passim

intuitionism 67, 96, 127f, 222, 260, 264-8, 253, 255-8, 270, 276, 303f

James, Susan 306n6,31ln3 judgement 47, 20-2, 34, 83--6, 95,

104-12, 301, 312n13, 316n90; see also affirmation, belief, assent

justification 126, 128f, 131, 133, 136, 144

Hacking, Ian 306n7 Hardin, c.r, 323n63 Hartcliffe, John 329nl04 Hartlib, Samuel 122 heat 166,185,191,213-16; see also

primary and secondary qualities hermeneutics 121£; see also revelation Hobbes, Thomas 20, 22, 28-31, 34,

44, 46, 48-50, 69, 71, 85f, 89, 91, 93f, 97, 100f, 104f, 114, 124, 156, 223, 225f, 228, 233f, 236, 246-8, 253--6, 263, 269, 289, 303, 325n44

Hume, David 53, 56, 118f, 148f, 182, 189, 255-8, 303

hypotheses 18, 90, 92, 113-18; see also method, analogy, probability

'idea', meaning of 15f, 21£, 45, 52-9, 61,68

ideas 15-77 et passim; adequate 39, 42; association of 66, 104, 112, 246-8, 254, 256£; clear and distinct, obscure and confused 34, 40, 42, 47f, 83, 235f, 272f, see also meaning; innate 32f, 66, 163, 165, 228, 292, see also knowledge (innate); as materials of knowledge 21£, 57, 61, 62, 67, 155f; real and fantastical 38, 43, 123; simple and complex 17f, 19-25,36-43,48,123,188,271£; true and false 20, 35, 39-43, 68, 123,

forms 26£, 81£, 242; see also species foundationalism see knowledge

(foundations of) freewill 146£; see also will, error functionalism 72-5, 154, 194-201,

Gassendi, Pierre 15, 22, 33-5, 38, 44f, 48f, 84f, 89-94, 156, 223, 227, 231, 234f, 244--6, 251, 253, 299, 309n84, 309093, 311061, 318n149

Gettier, Edmund 1. 318n163 Gibson,J. 310, 312n13, 325n36 Gilbert, William 115 Glanvill, Joseph 44 God idea of 52, 54, see also infinity;

not a deceiver 33, 123f, 314n64 grammar 290-8 Grice, Paul 311n142, 323n62

observational predicates 175; see also private language argument, sensation (content of), pre theoretical thought

O'Connor, D.]. 306n7 optics 65f, 69

Nagel, Thomas 322n45, 322n48 natural belief 83, 148f, 156-8, 169f,

268 natural kinds 211-13, 262f, 275f necessary connection 98,101£,119; see

also coexistence necessity perception of 255-8, 265,

299f, 303; and certainty 312n8 negation 205f; see also privation Newton, Isaac 13, 118, 233-6 Nicole, Pierre 89f nominalism 246-8, 253f, 256£, 259f,

307; see also language (and thought), universals

Nozick, Robert 133-8, 319n169 Nuchelmans, Gabriel 306n28, 315n84,

323n51 number 47f, 229, 251£, 255, 261, 291,

298,300 Malcolm, Norman 323n49 Malebranche, Nicolas 47, 52, 54-6,

60f, 122, 183f, 228, 231 maps, mental 240f; see also reference materialism 28f, 44, 46£, 194 mathematics 14, 50, 83, 93, 261£, 300;

pretheoretical thought; innate 139f, maxims 15, 83, 92, 267, 298f, 311£n8, 264-8, 291-5, 298, 328fn99, 313n42 329n104, see also ideas (innate); of meaning 72f, 76, 269-81, 285, 288, one's own mental states 319nl71, 301, 311n142; see also language, see also reflection, consciousness; understanding primary and secondary 139-44, measurement 229-33 171£, 183, 196-9,266, 282f, 303, mechanism 13,27-32,83, 102, 116£, 304, see also reference, 119; see also clocks, atomism understanding (primary and Mede, Joseph 122 secondary); relation to belief 81-7, memory 26, 28f, 46, 48, 51, 75, 88f, 93-5, 97, 125-44, 156£, 302f; 96-8, 244, 314fn64; primary and sensitive 15, 40-2, 62f, 93-5, 103, secondary 140-2,282-4 153-62, 188f, 253, see also Mendel, Gregor Johann 135 perception; trifling and instructive Mersenne, Marin 15, 82-4, 94 98, 100-2, 256, see also analytic and method 21, 33, 89-93, 100f, 114-18, synthetic propositions, definition 133f (real and nominal); universal, see millennarians 122 universals Milton, John 308

Kripke, Saul 211-13, 275 miracles 114, 118-20 Kulstad, Mark 309n99 modes 86£; simple 23, 228f, 260, 271£;

mixed 328n94 Molyneux, William 23, 65f, 69 Montaigne, Michel de 82 More, Henry 223, 227f, 233f motives and reasons 147-50, 201

language reform of 93, 260, 262, 272, 274-6; and thought 19f, 62, 70-7, 145f, 178f, 200--6, 222, 246-8, 253-7, 269-76, 277-82, 285, 288, 289-301, 303, see also nominalism

Law of Nature 14 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 40, 184,

229, 232, 236, 267 Lennon, Thomas 318n151 Lievers, Menno 310n137 light 213f; see also primary and

secondary qualities linguistic competence 271, 274f,

289-93, 300; see also understanding, language

Locke, John passim; development of his thought 13-15, 24f, 228, 233-6, 244, 253, 327n73f

logical form 70-7; see also affirmation, copula, language (and thought), substances (and accidents)

Lowde, James 329n104 Lucretius 34f, 159

Zeno 264

Yolton, John 56-62, 315n78, 328n99, 329n104

vacuum 223-7, 233, 238 ventriloquism 186 Virgil 89

Watson, J.B. 279 whole and part 83f, 92, 94 will and belief 21£, 82f, 85, 106-12,

146-50; see also assent, error Wisdom, John 29M Wittgenstein, Ludwig 137-9, 154,

201---4, 207-11, 262f, 277, 279-84, 288, 311n142, 323n49

Wright, John 319nl77

understanding general 48, 96, 140, 142---4, 264-8, 281, 285, 289-300, 303f; linguistic 269-81, 285, 288, 289-300, see also language; primary and secondary 282, 288

uniformity of nature 164f, 232f universals, universal knowledge 14f,

49f, 54f, 81-6, 119,237,242-68, 289-300, 303f; see also a priori thought, demonstration, intuition

science 81-7, 246, 301£, 314n64; and testimony 97, 108, 113, 118-24 natural history 14, 92, 102, 113-16 time 221, 223-7, 231-3, 236---41

'seeing as' 74, 168, 177f, 186, 190f, toleration 109, 121 238, 285f topics 89f

senses, authority of 94f, 153, 155-9, transubstantiation 30, 157f 166-73, 302f truth 20, 71, 73-5, 85, 246, 254; of

sensation content of 73-6, 173-92, appearances see appearances; see 212-17, 303; modularity of 321n30; also affirmation, logical form see also intentionality, perception type-token ambiguity 16, 249f

sensory field, unity of 153, 185-9 Sextus Empiricus 34, 35 signs, signification 20, 34f, 38---40, 51,

60-6, 69, 99f, 154f, 157, 160, 162-5, 193, 207, 246, 277, 303, 306n20; see also ideas, intentionality

simple apprehension 20, 22, 24f, 37; of propositions 22, 105, 306, 315fn84f; see also affirmation

smell 181, 185f, 322n36 solidity 181-3,191 sound IBM space 221, 223-36; perception of 160,

180f, 183-9,239 species, sensible 26-31, 55, 61£; and

genus 26, 31£, 242-5, 270 spirits, place of 223, 228, 237, 325 Stalnacker, R.C. 311n144 Stillingfleet, Edward 160, 161 Stewart, M.A. 306n13 Stoics 34, 68, 82f, 244, 302, 329fnl13 Straws on, Galen 320nl77 Suarez, Francisco 30 substance in general, idea of 49, 161 substances and accidents 19, 23-5,

29-33, 3M, 76, 160-2, 242; ideas of 23-5,3M

Sydenham 13 syllogism 21, 84-6, 89-92, 246-8, 290,