ABSTRACT
The nature of psychological pro®ling, and, for example, its poten-
tial for predicting potentially successful athletes, has prompted
researchers to engage in the design of psychometric instruments
capable of measuring the range of skills thought to underlie sport
performance (M. Wilkinson & Ashford, 1997). Indeed, the use of
psychometric testing to provide psychological pro®les is moving
progressively from business into sport (Hotten, 2003). However,
there is only limited evidence concerning mental toughness predict-
ing success in a variety of competitive sporting environments.
Given that the literature dedicated to mental toughness has been
characterized by a general lack of conceptual clarity and consensus
over its de®nition, as covered in the previous chapters, there has
been dif®culty in developing a suitable measure of the construct.
Addressing, in particular, Aidan Moran's (2004) critical observa-
tion that mental toughness lacks an independent index, this
chapter discusses attempts to develop psychometrically acceptable
quantitative measures of mental toughness.
