ABSTRACT
Learning environments Best used in open contexts where full frontal teaching or narrowly defi ned • outcome standards are not required
Instructional development constraints Few resources (development time and money) are needed.•
Values
about ends (learning goals) Deep understandings are important.• Understanding is a performance capability.•
about priorities (criteria for successful instruction) Appeal and eff ectiveness are paramount; effi ciency is less important.•
about means (instructional methods) New technology can support more generative, active learning, and community • building, but is not necessary.
