ABSTRACT
Advancing globalization, combined with uncertainty and fears over economic futures, has led to a globalization backlash characterized by escalated political rhetoric and debates surrounding issues of trade, outsourcing, and migration. This backlash as been depicted as primarily driven by economic fears of job loss, underemployment, and declining competitiveness vis-à-vis workers and producers located abroad. Communities, industries, and individuals threatened by competitive producers abroad increasingly rail for trade protections. Those who fear the outsourcing of jobs seek to limit multinationals from moving jobs from one nation to another, or penalize those industries that do. Those worried about the influx of workers from another nation argue for greater restrictions on immigration regardless of labor shortages and needs. Together these amount to an anti-globalization backlash that threatens to undo part, if not all, of the gains produced by globalization.
